Temporary Assistance For Needy Families
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF, often pronounced /ˈtæˌnɪf/) is one of the United States of America's federal assistance programs. It began on July 1, 1997, and succeeded the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program, providing cash assistance to indigent American families with dependent children through the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Prior to 1997, the federal government designed the overall program requirements and guidelines, while states administered the program and determined eligibility for benefits. Since 1997, states have been given block grants and both design and administer their own programs. Access to welfare and amount of assistance varied quite a bit by state and locality under AFDC, both because of the differences in state standards of need and considerable subjectivity in caseworker evaluation of qualifying "suitable homes."[1] However, welfare recipients under TANF are actually in completely different programs depending on their state of residence, with different social services available to them and different requirements for maintaining aid.[2]
TANF was created by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act instituted under President Bill Clinton in 1996. The Act provides temporary financial assistance while aiming to get people off of that assistance, primarily through employment. There is a maximum of 60 months of benefits within one's lifetime (some states have instituted shorter periods).[3] In enforcing the 60-month time limit, some states place limits on the adult portion of the assistance only, while still aiding the otherwise eligible children in the household. While on aid, there is a component requiring non-exempt clients to attempt to find employment. Unmarried minor parents have to live with a responsible adult or guardian. Paternity of children must be established in order to receive benefits. These requirements have led to massive drops in the number of people receiving cash benefits since 1996,[4] but there has been little change in the national poverty rate during this time. [5] The table below shows these figures along with the annual unemployment rate. [6]
| Year | Avg Monthly TANF Recipients | Poverty Rate (%) | Annual Unemployment Rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 12,320,970 (see note) | 11.0 | 5.4 |
| 1997 | 10,375,993 | 10.3 | 4.9 |
| 1998 | 8,347,136 | 10.0 | 4.5 |
| 1999 | 6,824,347 | 9.3 | 4.2 |
| 2000 | 5,778,034 | 8.7 | 4.0 |
| 2001 | 5,359,180 | 9.2 | 4.7 |
| 2002 | 5,069,010 | 9.6 | 5.8 |
| 2003 | 4,928,878 | 10.0 | 6.0 |
| 2004 | 4,748,115 | 10.2 | 5.5 |
| 2005 | 4,471,393 | 9.9 | 5.1 |
| 2006 | 4,166,659 | 9.8 | 4.6 |
| 2007 | 3,895,407 | 9.8 | 4.6 |
Note: 1996 was the last year for the AFDC program, and is shown for comparison. All figures are for calendar years.
The purposes of the TANF program as described in section 601 of the Social Security Act are as follows:
TANF sets forward the following work requirements necessary for benefits:
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